RNA Abbreviation

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Popular abbreviations of RNA:

Searching for RNA abbreviation / RNA full form leads to different results in different categories. The below table illustrates the popular acronyms among them.

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What does RNA mean?

RNA is the short form of Ribo Nucleic Acid Building Protein. These are the proteins that bind the single or double-stranded RNA in cells. Further, they participate in the formation of ribonucleic protein complexes. Also known as RBPs, they contain various structural motifs namely zinc finger, dsRNA binding domain, RNA recognition motif, etc.

Most RBPs existing inside the nucleus exist in the form of complexes of proteins and pre-mRNA because most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus very quickly. Thus, they are also called heterogeneous ribonucleic proteins.

Structure of RNA building Proteins

The majority of RBPs have a modular structure and consist of many repeats of a few basic domains which have limited arrangements. The arrangements are arranged in certain combinations for completing the diversity. The recognition of a certain protein for an RNA has evolved by the arrangement of these basic domains. All the basic domains recognize the RNA, however many proteins need many copies of these domains for functioning.

Functions of RBP

There are many functions of RNA Binding Proteins such as:

RNA editing

The most common RNA editing includes ADAR protein which functions through post-transcriptional modification of mRNA transcripts. This happens by changing the nucleotide content of RNA.

Alternate splicing

It is a mechanism for the generation of mature mRNAs from the existing same gene. It includes variations in the combination of the exons into mRNA which produces more than one associated protein.

Export

mRNA needs to be transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm once the processing is complete. The process is a three-step procedure including the production of the cargo-carrier complex, the translocation of the complex and then the release of produced cargo into the cytoplasm.

Interactions between RNA and Proteins

The binding proteins recognize their RNA targets in a highly specific way by identifying the structures and sequences. This helps them differentiate the targets and maintain various cellular functions by controlling the production, maturation and lifespan of the RNA transcript. The interaction starts during transcription when some proteins remain bound with the RNA while others transiently bind for regulation of RNA splicing, transportation and localization