XPS Abbreviation

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Popular abbreviations of xps:

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What does XPS mean?

XPS stands for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It is a spectroscopic technique that is surface-sensitive in nature and based on the photoelectric effect. Using the effect, it can determine the elements present in a material or on the surface of the material.

It can also determine the electronic structure and density of the material as well as its chemical state. It is a very prominently used technique since it is powerful in nature as it can depict the nature of the elements inside the material as well as their bonding structure.

Principle behind XPS

The X-rays are emitted on the material and their amount of energy is known. When these rays strike the material, electrons are emitted whose kinetic energies are measured. With all this, the electron binding energies of electrons can be calculated using the formula:

Ebinding = Ephoton – (Ekinetic + α)

Where α represents the work function term which varies from material to material.

Instruments used in XPS

A common X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy apparatus generally includes the following instruments:

• X-ray source – the source of X-rays which is used the excite the electrons in the sample
• Vacuum system – the entire apparatus is inside an ultrahigh vacuum system operating at conditions of <10-9 Torr.
• Energy analyzer – it is used to discriminate the electrons generated based on their energies. It is generally a Concentric Hemispherical Analyser.
• Iron gun – it is used to obtain the depth profile of the material and sputter the material surface.
• Data reduction software – the data generated is compared with the available previous data and this is done by specialized software.

Application of XPS

XPS is one of the most widely used spectroscopy techniques. Some of its common applications are:

• Micro-electric devices
• Polymers
• Material science
• Medical devices
• Medical samples
• Biological samples
• Geologic materials
• Thin films and coatings